Iidye ezikwiindawo zokwenziwa zingaba ngabantu abangazange baphumelele okanye bafake iimpawu ezininzi kwiintsimbi. Ngale ndlela, kuyindlela engqayizwa ngokuba zonke iidye ziphumelele ngendlela efanayo. Kuyinto efanayo nokuphambela phakathi kwezixhobo ezisetshenziswa ukwenza intsimbi kunye nezisetshenziswe ukwenza iphlasitiki kwaye zonke zimbini zinto ezingapheliyo ezinezinto ezahlukileyo zokuxazulula iingxaki ezahlukileyo zokwenziwa kwephethini. Kufuneka bazi ukuphambela okuphambene phakathi kwiidye zokuphatha intsimbi kunye neidye zokuphatha iphlasitiki ngabasebenzisi, abakhethi kunye nobathengi.
1. Inkxowa Elinganayo: Iqando Lomnye
Iindlela zokucima iingqungqu: Ezi ndlela zikhathwa ngumanyano wokucima okanye wokuguquka kwezixhobo kwiqondo eliphezulu. Phakathi kweempawu zendlaleyo kubekwe isiqingatha senkca (umzekelo, isithalathu, iyasile, ikhuphumu). Ukusebenzisa inkathazo enkulu (isango) ibangela ukuba ingqungqu lithathe umda, lithathwa, lithathwe, lithathwe okanye lithathwe kwiqondo elithile ngaphandle kokutshibana. Le nto iyindlela yokucima umgca wokugcina kwezixhobo kwaye uyilo (into lomntu wokulayisha yona ngexesha ukuba kuyiloza ukuba yinto ephela ngayo).
Iindlela zokwenza iplastic (iindlela): Zisebenza ngokwezixhobo ezingqayizweyo okanye zilulamileyo. Iindlela zokwenza iplastic zilulamileyo kwaye zinokudlulwa njengexabiso elikhulu. Le molten kwaye kunokugcinwa ngokugqagqiswe okanye kubekwa kwiindlela zokwenza iplastic. Iplastic iyahlula kwiindlela zokwenza iplastic kwaye ibuyise kwiqondo lakhe ekugqibeleni. Le nto iyahlula kuba ngokungcono kwenziwa ngokwezixhobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kugcinwe ngokupheleleyo iindlela zokwenza iplastic, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchazwa kwezixhobo kwenziwa ngendlela yokuba amandla ayiphantsi (njengokuba amandla okanye ukuchithwa) kwaye ukuchithwa kwezixhobo ezilulamileyo kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza.
2. Iindlela zokudizayn kwaye zokudala iindlela
Iindlela zokuthatha izicathami:
●Ukukhuthaza kwaye ukungena kwezixhobo: Okuyiyo. Iindlela zokuthatha izicathami kufuneka zilinde isixa esikhankanyayo kwaye zilinde ukuba zikhathwa kwaye zikhathwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zikhathwe ngokupheleleyo. Iindlela zokuthatha izicathami (njengoko D2, A2) okanye iindlela zokuthatha izicathami zisetyenziswa ngokuvamile, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuvamile ukuba zikhathwe kwiindlela zokuthatha izicathami ezikhankanyayo.
●Ukucima okuthe ngqo: Imisebenzi yokusheka ibandakanya igap ephantsi kakhulu phakathi kwe-punch kunye ne-die block kwiimisebenzi yokulayisha ukuze kungakhutshelwe iphambu elikhulu okanye ukulahlekelwa kwezixhobo esisebenziswayo.
●Ukusebenzisa iindleko: Iindlela zokwenza zinokugcinwa ngokuthumela iindleko ezinkulu ngokwenene ngezinto eziphambene (ipunch, amabhangqa, amaqinga).
●Mangata: Amadili akhuphuka amaninzi, ngqo ke xa enxibini neemeko zokubendela okanye ukulayisha ngokutsha, ayidingi iindlela ezithandwayo zokwenza iindlela zokuphatha.
●Amadili asebenzisa amaplastiki (amathuluzi):
●Umgama ongqongqo kunye nekota: Idili iyinhloke umgama ongqongqo waphandle (umgama) kunye nendawo yakhwithinwa (ikota) yesiqa esilodwa. Inqanaweza kungaba ngaphezulu.
●Inkqubo yokuchaza: Kuyimfuneko inkqubo yamanzi (amanzi okanye iyoli) aphakathi. Ukuchaza okuchanekileyo kunye nokulula kuyilawulo ngqo kwi imeko yecycle kunye nobuninzi bokwenkqubo.
●Inkqubo yeGating: I-sprue, i-runners, amagates apho ikhweleti yemolten plastic isetyenziswa kwiindawo zokufakwa kwe cavity evela kwi-nozzle yomqsho. Ukudizaynwa kwenza ububele kwezinto evela kwiindlela, ukugcina kwe pressure kunye nokonxa kwepharthu.
●Imvelo yejection: Amapini, amasleeve okanye amathrusts athathwa ngokucacileyo ukuthi athathelwe kwiindawo apho kwiimeko ethile kwaye kudlule kwaye kuzodlula ngokungena.
●Ukuvuleka: Ukuvuleka kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela okanye amagqabi afana nezixhaso zokuthi kuthathwe intambo ekhoyo xa ikhweleti lifaka kwi cavity ukunciphisa okanye ukungena ngokufutshane.
●Ikhweleti: Inokuba yikhweleti ephambene (P20, H13, S7), okanye ikhweleti enye yenkqubo yamanzi, kodwa ukugqibela kwenqanawa kunye nokunqamela kwekhabhise (ngokomdla kwiikhweleti eziqhelekileyo) zinezinto eziphambene nezinye.
3. Imvelo Yokuvelisa
Ukuhlaselwa kweMetali: Kwenziwa ngokwesibonelo kwi-press yemekhaniki okanye kwi-press enye yemali. Zikhankatha kakhulu kwenziwa iimpawu (zinzi zokutshatala ngamaxesha ngamaxesha kungaba neentsuku ezahlukeneyo). Esi sidelo sikhulu siseCold Process aunque kukho iindlela eziphezulu zokwenza okusebenzisa ukuchazwa. Ukuhluka kwezixhobo kunye nokulula kwezixhobo kuchazwa ngokusebenzisa iilubricants.
Ukusebenzisa iPlastics: Njengoko iplastics iyahlulwe kakhulu ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokwenza iindlela zokufaka, kodwa kunye neendlela ezingaphandle njenge-ndlela yokufumana, ukugcina njalo. Iqondo le ndlela ibonisa ukuba kukho ukuba okukhulu: ukutshibidhwa kweplastic emva kokuba yakhala kwiindlela. Inxalenye yokuba ingaba phakathi kwezikhathi ezibini kwaye iimizuzu ngokuba yinkcitho yokuba kunye nezixhobo. Iindlela zokukhala zinokuba zikhankatha kakhulu. Iindlela zokusebenzisa amandla zingakhupheli, ngelixa azikho zisisebenziswa ngokubaluleka njengelithi yamandla.
4. Umthamo Wokuphila & Iindlela Zokulula
Iindlela zokucoca umoya: Ukuphatha okuphahla- okuphela kakhulu umoya oludlulana ne-steel yotshini, okunxulumene- ukugqwa. Iindlela zokucoca umoya zingena ngokuphunyezwa. Kukho ukuchaswa kwezikhumba ngokuba kuzo zikhumba eziphambene. Kwiindlela zokucoca umoya, ukuphunyezwa, ukutshintsha kwezicathami eziphunyezweyo okanye ukongeza kwezinto ezongeziweyo zinokwenziwa. Umthamo wokuphila ngokwemvelo kujwayelekile ukutywa ngokuba ngu- hundreds of thousands okanye millions of hits ngazo zindlela zokucoca umoya eziyiswe ngendlela emi.
Iindlela zokucocwa kwezimoto (Iindlela zokucocwa): Iindlela zokuphatha ezifumaneka ngu- abrasive fillers kwi-plastics, ukuchithwa ngokuba kukho i-polymers okanye iindlela zokuchithwa kwiimoto, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukuphatha ngokuba kukho umoya wokucocwa ophambene. Into ephawulayo okuphela kuyo ngu- Polish degradation kwiindlela zokucocwa kwiimoto ngokuba yinto ephawulayo. Iindlela zokucocwa kuyakudla ukuphunyezwa, ukulungisa iindlela zokucocwa, kunye nokuvula kwezindlela zokuchithwa okanye iindlela zokuchithwa. Iindlela zokucocwa zinezimo eziphela kakhulu (hundreds of thousands to millions of cycles) ngelixa ziyafana kakhulu nokuba yintoni i-plastic enye yayo kunye neendlela zokuyisela.
Ngokuba Yeyiphi nto Iqoqo Lokuqala Liyingqayiyo
Ukukhetha ingqalelo engeyo yekhono lekho kwi-philosophy yokwenza kwezixhobo kuya kubangela ukupheliweyo. Ikhono esetyenziswayo ekunqameleni zixhobo ukuya kwezixhobo engenazo iindlela zokuchazela nezixhobo ezingafunekiyo zokwenza iplastic. Inqanawa yekhono kwiplastic ayiyiyo ngokulandelana nokuxhentsa kwezixhobo. Ezi ke ngamaqga amabini: ukuguquguquka kwezixhobo kwaye ukusebenza kwemvelo, inqubo yokulungisa ukuchazela kunye nokukhathalela ngokucacileyo, ukulawulwa kwezinto kunye nokulawulwa kwezixhobo, kwaye kufuneka zibe lula ukuyilandela:
● Ukudwelisa iindlela ezinokusebenza, ezinzululeko.
●Ukulungisa iiprocesi zokwenza.
●Ukukhetha iinzixhobo ezifanelekileyo kwi-ikhono eliphezulu.
●Ukuxazulula iingxaki zokulawula ngokushesha.
●Ukuba ngokucacileyo iindleko zokudwelisa kunye nezixhobo.
Nangona iindlela ezibini zokudlala ngokwezifiso zikhona iindlela eziphambeneyo, ezingcono kakhulu kwiindawo zokunyusela ngokubanzi, iindlela zazo zokudlala nokulungisa kunye nokusebenza kuzokugcinwa ngokwahlulahlula ngokokugqitha okuphambene kakhulu apho amagciwane kunye neephasitiki ziguqulwa ngokudlala kwiindlela ezifumaneka.